THE FACE OF THE EARTH

(DAS ANTLITZ DER ERDE)

BY

EDUARD SUESS

Professor of Geology in the University of Vienna
Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London

Translated by

Hertha B. C. Sollas

Ph. D. Heidelberg; of Newnham College, Cambridge

under the direction of

W. J. Sollas

Sc. D. (Cantab.), LL. D. (Dublin), M.A. (Oxon.), F.R.S.
Fellow of University College, Oxford
Professor of Geology in the University of Oxford



VOL. III




OXFORD

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

1908

This electronic edition prepared by Dr. David C. Bossard
from original documents in his personal library.

December, 2005.

Copyright © 2005 by David C. Bossard.


CONTENTS.


Preface to Volume III
PART IV
The Face of the Earth

Chapter I. Introduction.   1   001  002  003  004  005  006
Analysis of the subject. Attempt to determine a plan of the trend-lines. General folding of the oldest rocks. 

Chapter II. The North of Siberia.  7   007  008  009  010  011  012  013  014  015  016  017  018  019  020  021  022  023  024  025  026  027  028  029  030  031  032  033  034  035  036  037  038
Asia. The Amphitheatre of Irkutek. The west Siberian plain. Transgressions of Turgai. Succession of rocks in the east Siberian tableland. The river Angara. Gondwána-land, the Tethys, and Angara-land. Marginal folds. Granite of Nishni-Udiusk. Stony Tunguska. Lower Tunguska. North Yenisei. The table-mountains of the watershed. Vilyui and Lena. Summary.

Chapter III. The Ancient Vertex.   39   039  040  041  042  043  044  045  046  047  048  049  050  051  052  053  054  055  056  057  058  059  060  061  062  063  064  065  066  067  068  069  070  071  072  073  074  075  076  077  078  079  080  081  082  083  084  085  086  087  088  089  090  091  092  093  094  095  096  097  098  099  100  101  102  103  104  105  106  107  108
Introduction. Patomske Nagorie. Trans-Baikalia. Lake Baikal. Western shore of lake Baikal. Mountains south of lake Baikal. East Sayan. The Horst on the Yenisei. Summary. Minusinsk. West Sayan. Tannu-ola-Khangai. The Valley of the Lakes. Gobi-Altai. East Gobi. Conclusion.

Chapter IV. Peripheral Formations to the East of the Vertex.  109   109  110  111  112  113  114  115  116  117  118  119  120  121  122  123  124  125  126  127  128  129  130  131  132  133  134  135  136  137  138  139  140  141  142  143  144  145  146  147  148  149
The watershed of the Arctic Ocean. The Great Khingan. Plain of the upper Amur. Aldan mountains. Bureya mountains. The Little Khingan. Manchuria. Sikhota Alin. Hokkaido and Saghalien. Summary.

Chapter V. The Altai and the Altaides.  150   150  151  152  153  154  155  156  157  158  159  160  161  162  163  164  165  166  167  168  169  170  171  172  173  174  175  176  177  178  179  180  181  182  183  184  185  186  187  188  189  190  191  192  193  194  195  196  197
Tomsk. Kusnetzkii-Alatau and Salaîr. Inner arcs of the Altai. Kirghiz mountains. Thian-shan. Bei-shan. San-sjauts-tay. Lun-shan. West Nan-shan. Syntaxis of Nan-shan and the arc of Yarkend. The Altaides.

Chapter VI. The Eastern Altaides. Ordos.  198   198  199  200  201  202  203  204  205  206  207  208  209  210  211  212  213  214  215  216  217  218  219  220  221  222  223  224  225  226  227  228  229  230  231  232  233  234  235  236  237  238  239  240  241  242  243  244  245  246  247  248  249  250  251  252  253  254  255  256  257  258  259  260  261  262  263  264  265  266  267  268  269
The mountains on the Hoang-ho. Khara-narin-ula and Ala-shan. Bifurcation of eastern Nan-shan. Summary. Middle and eastern Kuen-luen. Separation of the Burman and Yunnan chains. Western branch. Mandalay. Mass of Cambodia. Southern branch. The Red river. Summary. The Malay peninsula. Banda arc. Supposed fragments of New Guinea. Borneo. Celebes. Halmahera. Survey of the eastern Altaides.

Chapter VII. The Yarkand Arc, Iran, and Turania.  270   270  271  272  273  274  275  276  277  278  279  280  281  282  283  284  285  286  287  288  289  290  291  292  293  294  295  296  297  298  299  300  301  302  303  304  305  306  307  308  309  310  311  312  313  314  315
The Yarkand arc, or western Kuen-luen. Himalaya. Safed-koh. Sewestán. Iran. Hindu-Kush. Turania. Amu-darya.

Chapter VIII. The Taurides and the Dinarides.  316   316  317  318  319  320  321  322  323  324  325  326  327  328  329  330  331  332  333  334  335  336  337  338  339  340  341  342  343  344  345  346  347  348  349  350  351  352  353  354  355  356  357
Asia Minor. The arc of the eastern Pontus. Region from Heraclea to Amasra. Syntaxes in the west of Asia Minor. The Aegaean islands. The Tertiary gulf of Albania. The dominant features of the Dinarides. The crossing of the Adriatic. Idria. The boundary cicatrice. The Carnic Alps. Transgressions. The more recent movements.

Chapter IX. Northern Europe.  358  358  359  360  361  362  363  364  365  366  367  368  369  370  371  372  373  374  375  376  377  378  379  380  381  382  383  384  385  386  387  388  389  390  391  392  393  394  395  396  397  398  399  400
The watershed of Aral-Irgis. Relations of the Urals to the Caucasus. Ufa. Folded ranges between Ufa and the Arctic Ocean. The pre-Cambrian platform. Its continuation in the Baltic shield. Its continuation in south Russia. Relations with the Sayanides. The Caledonian lines. The Scandinavian overthrust. Theoretical considerations. Relations of Scandinavia to Scotland. Conclusion.


ILLUSTRATIONS

NOTE: High resolution (400 ppi)  images of the plates and text illustrations are available here.

1. Goletz, on the Chon-Clioldoi-daban (Tunkin Alps).  8
2. The Amphitheatre of Irkutsk.  10
3. Tertiary deposits of western Siberia.  14
4. The Island of Olkhon.  62
5. A goletz capped with basic lava.   68
6. High-level basaltic flows near the source of the Ospa (partly covered by snow).   69
7. Hokkaido and Saghalien.  140
8. Mountains of the Kirghiz Steppe, between Karkaralinsk and Bajan-aul.  161
9. The fault-trough of Ljuk-tshun.  167
10. The region of An-si-fan.  175
11. The Valley of the Winds.  191
12. West face of the Hsi-tshou-shan.  199
13. Section from Koko-shili to the plain of the Tjertjen-Darya.  210
14. Section through the Tis-tag and Tekelik-tag.  272
15. The overthrnst flakes (Elippen) of Chitichun and Baldchura in the south Hündes.  278
16. View from the Uschova Saddle into the Miss-Valley.  344
17. Diagram to show the relationship of the tonalite-line to the Bacher Gebirge.  354
18. The three elements of the Urals.  374
19. The peripheral folds of eastern Asia.  375
20, 21. Hypothetical explanation of the Scandinavian
            overthrusts, after Holmquist.  Symmetrical movement.  396
22, 23. Hypothetical explanation of the Scandinavian
            overthrusts, after Holmquiat. Asymmetrical movement. 397

PLATES


NOTE: Plates X-XVI are referenced as Plates I-VII in the text.

Plate
 Click for plate at 100 ppi
 DESCRIPTION
X (I)

Plate at 200 ppi

 The mountains between the Brahmaputra and Yang-tse-kiang.
XI (II)

Plate at 200 ppi

 The Philippines and the Sunda Archipelago
XII (III)

Plate at 200 ppi

 Fragmentary trend-lines between the Kabul river and the Jhelam.
XIII (IV)

Plate at 200 ppi

 Intercalated chains on the Amu-darya and the Sir-darya.
XIV (V)

Plate at 200 ppi

 The Bassegi, Kvarkush, and the Poljudov Chains.
XV (VI)

Plate at 200 ppi

 Overthrusting in Central Scandinavia.
XVI (VII)

Plate at 200 ppi

 Diagrammatic Representation of the Vertex of Eurasia.

Plate sections at 100 ppi: